Introduction: Drowning is a significant global public health issue, responsible for a substantial number of injury-related fatalities each year, particularly in low- to- middle-income countries. This study explored the environmental and individual risk factors of drowning and proposed a multifaceted approach to prevention. Methodology: This study was based on a comprehensive literature review combined with the Haddon Matrix and combined model frameworks to assess factors contributing to drowning incedents. Data were systematically extracted from peer-reviewed articles, focusing on health outcomes. The Haddon Matrix was applied to categorize pre-, during, and post-event factors across human, equipment, and phisical environments, while the combined model was used to map public health strategies to these phases, assessing the effectiveness of interventions Results: Factors affecting drowning include a range of personal (host) risk factors, equipment-related issues, and features of the physical environment. These factors include lack of supervision, swimming skills, alcohol use, pre-existing medical conditions, cultural norms, socioeconomic status, language barriers, gender, age, disabilities, mental health conditions, overcrowding, non-use of life jackets, and poor water visibility. The study proposes a multifaceted approach to prevention, including education, enforcement, environmental modifications, economic incentives, and emergency response, with a focus on community involvement and advanced technologies. Conclusion: This study underscores the complexity of drowning prevention and the need for a proactive and multifaceted approach. The proposed strategies, when adapted to diverse cultural and contextual factors, have the potential to significantly reduce drowning incidents, ultimately safeguarding public health and well-being.

Keywords: Drowning, Prevention, Haddon Matrix, Combined Model, Injuries